Technological factor of change of institute of the welfare state.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31558/2617-0248.2019.4.8Keywords:
welfare state, welfare, technological revolution, artificial intelligence, innovative state, unconditional basic incomeAbstract
The importance of the technological revolution for the progress of society and the state, as well as the threats it causes to social policy, are emphasized. The emphasis is on the likelihood of significant changes in the labor market through the introduction of robotic technology and the emergence of a platform economy. It is emphasized that the latest technologies are radically changing the structure of employment and other areas related to the social policy of the state. Attention is drawn to the need for greater attention from emerging countries on the effects of technological advancement, as they can deepen inequalities and foster social tension. It is argued that in the short term, technology will determine the boundaries of social policy. It is stated that in the conditions of changes in the labor market, the institute of the welfare state may be faced with the challenge of financial insolvency to fulfill its obligations. Therefore, the authors draw attention to the reform scenarios: the introduction of a tax on robotic machinery, the introduction of unconditional basic income, the improvement of taxation of income derived from the functioning of the platform economy, etc. It is emphasized that technological advances can also reduce social costs: technical innovation will make it easier to care for the elderly and the sick; available advanced medical technologies will facilitate rapid diagnosis and recovery, and the like. It was stated that it is advisable for governments to review the financial base of the welfare state as soon as possible, in order to prevent a significant budget deficit.
The authors emphasize that technological advances open both new opportunities and increase risks for the welfare state. If governments introduce technological innovation taxes, tax new forms of income for citizens, the prospect of preventing erosion of existing social protection systems is not ruled out, and digital structural changes can even strengthen the sustainability of public finances.
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