Classification of political crisis and its major characteristics.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the typology of political crisis and its main characteristics. The novelty of the study is developed classification model of the political crisis, based on an analysis of key developments of researchers in political and economic sciences, branches of psychology and conflict science. The author analyzes the works of foreign authors concerning the classification of political crises. For the first time a detailed classification of political crises based on the investigated material is proposed. Classification of political crises is carried out depending on whether the crisis covers the whole political system or only one of its parts, leads to the improvement, strengthening, stabilization of the political system or its transformation and destruction. The duration of the political crisis is also, ultimately, determined by the nature of the political system, its ability to cope with destructive processes and modernize. The article highlights crises-revolutions, crises-shock, crises-destruction and crisis-perturbations, differing in terms of the spread of crisis processes in society and the depth of defeat of the institutional political system. Socio-communicative component identifies identity crises, crisis of legitimacy, crisis of political participation, crisis of penetration and distribution crisis. In addition, the crisis has been classified by scale, intensity, nature of origin, nature of consequences and duration. The need to understand the typology of crises is proved for improving the effectiveness of crisis management and crisis forecasting as well as for a deep analysis of the problem of the political crisis, for the search for solutions to the current political crisis in Ukraine. It is concluded that the diversity of political crises is due to the multifunctionality and diversity of the work of state power, and its dependence on the human resource, which is represented by a large number of groups of stakeholders.