Theoretical paradigms of transformation of the state as a public institution

Abstract

The development of socio-political life in the process of policy implementation in democratic systems has become significantly more complex and has gone beyond the state. The number of actors who make decisions or influence their adoption has increased, and the mechanisms for implementing management practices that involve the coordination of interests and a culture of consensus among all actors in the public process have changed. This trend can be clearly seen in the European tradition, where public policy is not only the development and implementation of administrative decisions by the state, but also the democratic participation of various interest groups, state and non-state political actors in the political and administrative process (public deliberation), achieving a comprehensive vision of a social problem in compliance with the procedures for reconciling interests before direct political action by the government.
At the end of the twentieth century, traditional models of state governance proved insensitive to the political realities of post-industrial society, namely, the development of globalization processes and global economic competition, the emergence of supranational institutions and the development of civil society. In the 90s, the classical concept of public administration, the welfare state and the government was replaced by a new public management based on the principles of commercialization of public administration and governance that takes into account the public interest[1].
In modern conditions, the state ceases to play a monopoly role in the political process, although it remains the main actor in the public field. The impact of transformational processes in the public sphere affects the change of the state's mission, structure, functions and management technologies in modern society. Moderation, partnership, and mediation through cooperation, rather than vertical-subordinate hierarchical management and mobilization through imposition, are becoming the imperative rules of the modern state.